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CS210/Assignment 1/.vscode/launch-DESKTOP-U1KCC3P.json

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+{
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "C/C++: gcc.exe build and debug active file",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                },
+                {
+                    "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
+                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: gcc.exe build active file"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "C/C++: cpp.exe build and debug active file",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                },
+                {
+                    "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
+                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: cpp.exe build active file"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "C/C++: g++.exe build and debug active file",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "gdb",
+            "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe",
+            "setupCommands": [
+                {
+                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                },
+                {
+                    "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
+                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
+                    "ignoreFailures": true
+                }
+            ],
+            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file"
+        }
+    ],
+    "version": "2.0.0"
+}

CS210/Assignment 1/.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "name": "C/C++: g++ build and debug active file",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "lldb",
+            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "C/C++: clang build and debug active file",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "lldb",
+            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: clang build active file"
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "C/C++: clang++ build and debug active file",
+            "type": "cppdbg",
+            "request": "launch",
+            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
+            "args": [],
+            "stopAtEntry": false,
+            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
+            "environment": [],
+            "externalConsole": false,
+            "MIMode": "lldb",
+            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: clang++ build active file"
+        }
+    ],
+    "version": "2.0.0"
+}

CS210/Assignment 1/.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+    "C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "Disabled"
+}

CS210/Assignment 1/.vscode/tasks-DESKTOP-U1KCC3P.json

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "type": "cppbuild",
+            "label": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file",
+            "command": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
+                "-g",
+                "${file}",
+                "-o",
+                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
+            ],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": [
+                "$gcc"
+            ],
+            "group": {
+                "kind": "build",
+                "isDefault": true
+            },
+            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "cppbuild",
+            "label": "C/C++: gcc.exe build active file",
+            "command": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\gcc.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
+                "-g",
+                "${file}",
+                "-o",
+                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
+            ],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": [
+                "$gcc"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "cppbuild",
+            "label": "C/C++: cpp.exe build active file",
+            "command": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\cpp.exe",
+            "args": [
+                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
+                "-g",
+                "${file}",
+                "-o",
+                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
+            ],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": [
+                "$gcc"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
+        }
+    ],
+    "version": "2.0.0"
+}

CS210/Assignment 1/.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "type": "cppbuild",
+            "label": "C/C++: clang++ build active file",
+            "command": "/usr/bin/clang++",
+            "args": [
+                "-fcolor-diagnostics",
+                "-fansi-escape-codes",
+                "-g",
+                "${file}",
+                "-o",
+                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
+            ],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": [
+                "$gcc"
+            ],
+            "group": {
+                "kind": "build",
+                "isDefault": true
+            },
+            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "cppbuild",
+            "label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
+            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
+            "args": [
+                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
+                "-g",
+                "${file}",
+                "-o",
+                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
+            ],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": [
+                "$gcc"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
+        },
+        {
+            "type": "cppbuild",
+            "label": "C/C++: clang build active file",
+            "command": "/usr/bin/clang",
+            "args": [
+                "-fcolor-diagnostics",
+                "-fansi-escape-codes",
+                "-g",
+                "${file}",
+                "-o",
+                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
+            ],
+            "options": {
+                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
+            },
+            "problemMatcher": [
+                "$gcc"
+            ],
+            "group": "build",
+            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
+        }
+    ],
+    "version": "2.0.0"
+}

CS210/Assignment 1/main-DESKTOP-U1KCC3P.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//
+//  main.cpp
+//  Assignment 1
+//
+//  Created by Austin Bennett on 9/11/22.
+//
+
+// #1 - 128 times larger (128 in x 128 in)
+// #2 - 26 jumps
+
+// #3 Merge Sort Implementation
+
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+void dump(const string test, const vector<int> &myVector)
+{
+    cout << test << " to sort size: " << myVector.size() << endl;
+
+    copy(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
+    cout << endl;
+    return;
+}
+
+void merge(int array[], int const left, int const mid,
+           int const right)
+{
+    auto const subArrayOne = mid - left + 1;
+    auto const subArrayTwo = right - mid;
+
+    // Create temp arrays
+    auto *leftArray = new int[subArrayOne],
+         *rightArray = new int[subArrayTwo];
+
+    // Copy data to temp arrays leftArray[] and rightArray[]
+    for (auto i = 0; i < subArrayOne; i++)
+        leftArray[i] = array[left + i];
+    for (auto j = 0; j < subArrayTwo; j++)
+        rightArray[j] = array[mid + 1 + j];
+
+    auto indexOfSubArrayOne = 0,   // Initial index of first sub-array
+        indexOfSubArrayTwo = 0;    // Initial index of second sub-array
+    int indexOfMergedArray = left; // Initial index of merged array
+
+    // Merge the temp arrays back into array[left..right]
+    while (indexOfSubArrayOne < subArrayOne && indexOfSubArrayTwo < subArrayTwo)
+    {
+        if (leftArray[indexOfSubArrayOne] <= rightArray[indexOfSubArrayTwo])
+        {
+            array[indexOfMergedArray] = leftArray[indexOfSubArrayOne];
+            indexOfSubArrayOne++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            array[indexOfMergedArray] = rightArray[indexOfSubArrayTwo];
+            indexOfSubArrayTwo++;
+        }
+        indexOfMergedArray++;
+    }
+    // Copy the remaining elements of
+    // left[], if there are any
+    while (indexOfSubArrayOne < subArrayOne)
+    {
+        array[indexOfMergedArray] = leftArray[indexOfSubArrayOne];
+        indexOfSubArrayOne++;
+        indexOfMergedArray++;
+    }
+    // Copy the remaining elements of
+    // right[], if there are any
+    while (indexOfSubArrayTwo < subArrayTwo)
+    {
+        array[indexOfMergedArray] = rightArray[indexOfSubArrayTwo];
+        indexOfSubArrayTwo++;
+        indexOfMergedArray++;
+    }
+    delete[] leftArray;
+    delete[] rightArray;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    // test 1
+    vector<int> myVector1{2};
+    mergeSort(myVector1);
+    dump("test1", myVector1);
+
+    // test 2
+    vector<int> myVector2{2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5};
+    myMergeSort(myVector2);
+
+    return 0;
+}

CS210/Assignment 1/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+void dump(const string test, const vector<int> &myVector)
+{
+    cout << test << " to sort size: " << myVector.size() << endl;
+
+    copy(myVector.begin(), myVector.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
+    cout << endl;
+    return;
+}
+
+vector<int> merge(vector<int> left, vector<int> right)
+{
+    size_t ileft = 0, iright = 0;
+    vector<int> results;
+    while (ileft < left.size() && iright < right.size())
+        if (left[ileft] < right[iright])
+            results.push_back(left[ileft++]);
+        else
+            results.push_back(right[iright++]);
+    while (ileft < left.size())
+        results.push_back(left[ileft++]);
+    while (iright < right.size())
+        results.push_back(right[iright++]);
+    return results;
+}
+
+vector<int> myMergeSort(vector<int> &myVector)
+{
+    if (myVector.size() <= 1)
+        return myVector;
+    int len = myVector.size() / 2;
+    vector<int> left(myVector.begin(), myVector.begin() + len);
+    vector<int> right(myVector.begin() + len, myVector.end());
+    return merge(myMergeSort(left), myMergeSort(right));
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    // test 1
+    vector<int> myVector1{2, 1};
+    dump("test1", myMergeSort(myVector1));
+
+    // test 2
+    vector<int> myVector2{2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5};
+    dump("test2", myMergeSort(myVector2));
+
+    return 0;
+}

CS210/Assignment 1/main.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.main</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 03/3-1.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>69.0</x>
+			<y>61.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>198.0</x>
+			<y>-13.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>352.0</x>
+			<y>59.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 03/3-2.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>111.0</x>
+			<y>130.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>223.0</x>
+			<y>127.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>372.0</x>
+			<y>137.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 04.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>233.0</x>
+			<y>267.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>489.0</x>
+			<y>273.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>355.0</x>
+			<y>376.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>389.0</x>
+			<y>197.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="5" name="q5">
+			<x>595.0</x>
+			<y>49.0</y>
+			<label>L = {0m 1n  | m≥1, n≥0} </label>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 06/exercise6-1.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>74.0</x>
+			<y>144.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>178.0</x>
+			<y>147.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>357.0</x>
+			<y>154.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>256.0</x>
+			<y>150.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>458.0</x>
+			<y>157.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="5" name="q5">
+			<x>568.0</x>
+			<y>160.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="6" name="q6">
+			<x>501.0</x>
+			<y>242.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>6</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 06/exercise6-2.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>136.0</x>
+			<y>147.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>249.0</x>
+			<y>152.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>390.0</x>
+			<y>153.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>506.0</x>
+			<y>155.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 07.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>107.0</x>
+			<y>225.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>194.0</x>
+			<y>226.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>288.0</x>
+			<y>161.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>283.0</x>
+			<y>289.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>371.0</x>
+			<y>229.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="5" name="q5">
+			<x>519.0</x>
+			<y>230.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 15.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>pda</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>107.0</x>
+			<y>107.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>246.0</x>
+			<y>103.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>382.0</x>
+			<y>104.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>b</read>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read/>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>a</read>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Class Exercises/Exercise 17.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>turing</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>85.0</x>
+			<y>117.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>186.0</x>
+			<y>117.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>298.0</x>
+			<y>114.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>429.0</x>
+			<y>113.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+			<write>1</write>
+			<move>R</move>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+			<write>1</write>
+			<move>R</move>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+			<write>0</write>
+			<move>R</move>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+			<write>1</write>
+			<move>R</move>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+			<write>0</write>
+			<move>R</move>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+			<write>0</write>
+			<move>R</move>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+			<write>1</write>
+			<move>R</move>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 1/hw1-1.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>71.0</x>
+			<y>83.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>174.0</x>
+			<y>85.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>267.0</x>
+			<y>85.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>174.0</x>
+			<y>195.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 1/hw1-2.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>48.0</x>
+			<y>75.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>150.0</x>
+			<y>75.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>287.0</x>
+			<y>77.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>397.0</x>
+			<y>76.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>493.0</x>
+			<y>73.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<controlx>406</controlx>
+			<controly>-32</controly>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<controlx>297</controlx>
+			<controly>163</controly>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 1/hw1-3.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>132.0</x>
+			<y>134.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>214.0</x>
+			<y>84.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>357.0</x>
+			<y>84.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>392.0</x>
+			<y>286.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>304.0</x>
+			<y>175.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 2/hw2-1.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>91.0</x>
+			<y>214.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>206.0</x>
+			<y>219.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>317.0</x>
+			<y>223.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>419.0</x>
+			<y>210.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>514.0</x>
+			<y>213.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="5" name="q5">
+			<x>659.0</x>
+			<y>213.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="6" name="q6">
+			<x>279.0</x>
+			<y>418.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>6</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>6</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<controlx>553</controlx>
+			<controly>274</controly>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 2/hw2-2.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>53.0</x>
+			<y>221.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>145.0</x>
+			<y>223.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 3/hw3-1.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>67.0</x>
+			<y>139.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>157.0</x>
+			<y>140.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>244.0</x>
+			<y>140.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>326.0</x>
+			<y>140.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>436.0</x>
+			<y>141.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 3/hw3-2.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>61.0</x>
+			<y>90.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>148.0</x>
+			<y>88.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>262.0</x>
+			<y>88.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>355.0</x>
+			<y>87.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<controlx>140</controlx>
+			<controly>208</controly>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 3/hw3-3.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>92.0</x>
+			<y>151.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>179.0</x>
+			<y>156.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>246.0</x>
+			<y>157.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>301.0</x>
+			<y>144.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>363.0</x>
+			<y>144.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="5" name="q5">
+			<x>459.0</x>
+			<y>151.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 5/homework 5-2a.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>67.0</x>
+			<y>125.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>174.0</x>
+			<y>51.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>175.0</x>
+			<y>205.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>288.0</x>
+			<y>127.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 5/homework 5-2b.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>fa</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>67.0</x>
+			<y>125.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>174.0</x>
+			<y>51.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>175.0</x>
+			<y>205.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>288.0</x>
+			<y>127.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>3</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 8/hw8-1.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>pda</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>97.0</x>
+			<y>199.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>235.0</x>
+			<y>196.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>394.0</x>
+			<y>206.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+			<pop/>
+			<push>0</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>0</read>
+			<pop>0</pop>
+			<push>0</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+			<pop>0</pop>
+			<push/>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read/>
+			<pop>0</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>1</read>
+			<pop>0</pop>
+			<push>0</push>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS215/Homework/Homework 8/hw8-2.jff

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!--Created with JFLAP 7.1.--><structure>
+	<type>pda</type>
+	<automaton>
+		<!--The list of states.-->
+		<state id="0" name="q0">
+			<x>66.0</x>
+			<y>278.0</y>
+			<initial/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="1" name="q1">
+			<x>283.0</x>
+			<y>535.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="2" name="q2">
+			<x>390.0</x>
+			<y>537.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="3" name="q3">
+			<x>490.0</x>
+			<y>540.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="4" name="q4">
+			<x>262.0</x>
+			<y>428.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="5" name="q5">
+			<x>174.0</x>
+			<y>289.0</y>
+		</state>
+		<state id="6" name="q6">
+			<x>260.0</x>
+			<y>299.0</y>
+			<final/>
+		</state>
+		<state id="11" name="q11">
+			<x>233.0</x>
+			<y>59.0</y>
+			<label>L = {am bn cp | m = n or n = p}</label>
+		</state>
+		<!--The list of transitions.-->
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>b</read>
+			<pop>B</pop>
+			<push>BB</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>a</read>
+			<pop>A</pop>
+			<push>AA</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>c</read>
+			<pop>B</pop>
+			<push/>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>c</read>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>0</to>
+			<read>a</read>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>AZ</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>c</read>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>b</read>
+			<pop>A</pop>
+			<push/>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>b</read>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>BZ</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>1</to>
+			<read>b</read>
+			<pop>A</pop>
+			<push>BA</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read/>
+			<pop>A</pop>
+			<push>A</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>2</from>
+			<to>3</to>
+			<read/>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>4</to>
+			<read>c</read>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>0</from>
+			<to>5</to>
+			<read>b</read>
+			<pop>A</pop>
+			<push/>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>4</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read/>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>5</from>
+			<to>6</to>
+			<read/>
+			<pop>Z</pop>
+			<push>Z</push>
+		</transition>
+		<transition>
+			<from>1</from>
+			<to>2</to>
+			<read>c</read>
+			<pop>B</pop>
+			<push/>
+		</transition>
+	</automaton>
+</structure>

CS220/bonus/bank.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+
+
+.data
+start:	        .asciiz "---> Start of Bank Program <---\nAuthor information: CS 220 | #324855 | Austin Bennett\n--->  Welcome to the Interest Calculator! <--- \n2%: saving years < 7 years\n5%: saving years >= 7 years\n"	
+promptMsg1: 	.asciiz "==> Enter the principal:$ \n"			
+promptMsg2: 	.asciiz "==> Enter the years of savings: \n"	
+resultLine:	    .asciiz	"----------------> Result <----------------\n---> Your principal is: "			
+resultLine2: 	.asciiz "\n---> Your interest rate is: "
+yrLbl:		    .asciiz "\nYear "						
+balanceRet:		.asciiz ": your balance is $"			
+balLbl:		    .asciiz "\n---> Your balance after "		
+yearsRet:		.asciiz " years: $ "						
+finalLine: 	    .asciiz "\n----------------> End of Interest Calculator <---------------- "	
+newLine:	    .asciiz "\n"							
+principal: 	    .float 0.0	
+years: 		    .word 0 	
+yearsDiv:	    .word 7								
+rate1:		    .float 0.02							
+rate2:		    .float 0.05							
+interestRate:	.float 0.0						
+balance: 	    .float 0.0							
+
+.text
+.globl main #entrance of program
+.ent main
+
+main:
+	la      $a0,    start 	
+	li      $v0,    4		
+    syscall
+
+	la      $a0,    promptMsg1	
+	li      $v0,    4		
+	syscall
+	
+	li      $v0,    6		
+	syscall			
+	
+    s.s     $f0,    principal	
+	la      $a0,    promptMsg2	
+	li      $v0,    4		
+	syscall			
+	
+	li      $v0,    5		
+	syscall
+
+	sw      $v0,    years	
+	la      $a0,    resultLine 	
+	li      $v0,    4		
+	syscall			
+
+	l.s     $f12,   principal	
+	li      $v0,    2		
+	syscall
+
+	la      $a0,    resultLine2	
+	li      $v0,    4		
+	syscall			
+
+	lw      $t1,    years		
+	lw      $t2,    yearsDiv	
+	blt     $t1,    $t2,        lessThan	
+	l.s     $f1,    rate2		
+	s.s     $f1,    interestRate	
+	l.s     $f12,   interestRate	
+	li      $v0,    2		
+	syscall		
+	
+	li      $t3,    1	
+	
+	while:		
+        bgt     $t3,    $t1,    exit
+        la      $a0,    yrLbl		
+        li      $v0,    4		
+        syscall			
+            
+        move    $a0,    $t3	
+        li      $v0,    1		
+        syscall			
+
+        la      $a0,    balanceRet	
+        li      $v0,    4		
+        syscall			
+
+        l.s     $f3,    principal
+        l.s     $f4,    interestRate
+        mul.s   $f2,    $f3,    $f4	
+        add.s   $f5,    $f3,    $f2	
+        s.s     $f5,    principal	
+        s.s     $f5,    balance	
+        l.s     $f12,   balance	
+        li      $v0,    2		
+        syscall 	
+        
+        addi    $t3,    $t3,    1
+        j       while			
+
+	exit:	
+        la      $a0,    balLbl	
+        li      $v0,    4		
+        syscall			
+        
+        lw      $a0,    years	
+        li      $v0,    1		
+        syscall			
+            
+        la      $a0,    yearsRet	
+        li      $v0,    4		
+        syscall			
+        
+        l.s     $f12,   balance
+        li      $v0,    2		
+        syscall			
+
+        la      $a0,    finalLine
+        li      $v0,    4		
+        syscall			
+
+        li      $v0,    10		
+        syscall			
+
+	lessThan:		
+        l.s     $f1,    rate1		
+        s.s     $f1,    interestRate
+        
+        
+        l.s     $f12,   interestRate	
+        li      $v0,    2	
+        syscall			
+        
+        li      $t3,    1 		
+	
+	logic:			
+        bgt     $t3,    $t1,    exit
+        la      $a0,    yrLbl		
+        li      $v0,    4		
+        syscall			
+        
+        move    $a0,    $t3		
+        li      $v0,    1		
+        syscall			
+
+        la      $a0,    balanceRet		
+        li      $v0,    4		
+        syscall			
+        
+        l.s     $f3,    principal	
+        l.s     $f4,    interestRate
+        mul.s   $f2,    $f3,    $f4	
+        add.s   $f5,    $f3,    $f2	
+        s.s     $f5,    principal	
+        s.s     $f5,    balance
+        l.s     $f12,   balance
+        li      $v0,    2		
+        syscall 		
+        
+        addi    $t3,    $t3,    1	
+        j       logic	

CS220/bonus/test.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+
+
+.data
+startMsg:	.ascii "---> Start of Bank Program <---\n"			#System.out.println(""---> Start of Bank Program <---\n")
+		.ascii "Author information: CS 220 | #02 | Corinne Bond\n"	#System.out.println("Author information: CS 220 | #02 | Corinne Bond\n")
+		.ascii "--->  Welcome to the Interest Calculator! <--- \n"	#System.out.println(">>> Welcome to Interest Calculator! <<<<\n
+		.ascii "               1%: saving years < 5 years\n" 		# cont.. 1%: saving years < 5 years\n
+		.asciiz "               5%: saving years >= 5 years\n"		# cont.. 5%: saving years >= 5 years\n
+promptMsg1: 	.asciiz "==> Enter the principal:$ \n"				#System.out.println(""==> Enter the principal:$ \n")
+promptMsg2: 	.asciiz "==> Enter the years of savings: \n"			#System.out.println("==> Enter the years of savings: \n")
+resultLine:	.ascii	"----------------> Result <----------------"		#System.out.println("----------------> Result <----------------")
+		.asciiz "\n---> Your principal is: "				#System.out.println("\n---> Your principal is: ")
+resultLine2: 	.asciiz "\n---> Your interest rate is: "			#System.out.println("\n *** Interest rate is:"
+hdr:		.asciiz "\nYear "						#System.out.println("\nYear")
+hdr1:		.asciiz ": your balance is $"					#System.out.println(": your balance is $")
+hdr2:		.asciiz "\n---> Your balance after "				#System.outprintln("\n---> Your balance after ")
+hdr3:		.asciiz " years: $ "						#System.out.println(" years: $ ")
+finalLine: 	.asciiz "\n----------------> End of Interest Calculator <---------------- "	#System.out.println("\n----------------> End of Interest Calculator <---------------- ")
+newLine:	.asciiz "\n"							#System.out.println("\n")
+principal: 	.float 0.0	#32bits, intial val of 0			#float principal = 0.0
+years: 		.word 0 	#32bits, intial val of 0			#int years = 0
+testVal:	.word 5								#int testVal = 0
+rate1:		.float 0.01							#float rate1 = .01	
+rate2:		.float 0.05							#float rate2 = .05
+interestRate:	.float 0.0							#float interestRate = 0.0
+balance: 	.float 0.0							#float balance = 0.0
+#------------------------------------
+#text/code section
+.text
+.globl main #entrance of program
+.ent main
+
+main:
+	la $a0, startMsg 	#load address of start msg
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	la $a0, promptMsg1	#load memory address of promptMsg1
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall
+	
+	li $v0, 6		#syscall 6 -> read floating point from kb -> float principal = sc.nextFloat();
+	syscall			#do it
+	s.s $f0, principal	#save input into principal variable
+
+	la $a0, promptMsg2	#load memory address of promptMsg2
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+	
+	li $v0, 5		#syscall 5 -> read int from kb	-> int years = sc.nextInt();
+	syscall			#do it
+	sw $v0, years		#save input into years variable
+
+	la $a0, resultLine 	#load memory address of resultLine
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	l.s $f12, principal	#load principal val into float register to be printed
+	li $v0, 2		#syscall 2 -> print float from register
+	syscall
+
+	la $a0, resultLine2	#load memory address of resultLine2
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	#choose interest rate based on given variables
+	lw $t1, years		#load word from years into register
+	lw $t2, testVal		#load word from testVal into register
+	blt $t1, $t2, lessThan	#if t1 < t2 ->  if (yearsOfSaving < 5) {return 0.01F;}
+	l.s $f1, rate2		#load 5% interest rate into register -> else {return 0.05F;}
+	s.s $f1, interestRate	#save floating point to interest rate variable
+	
+	#print interest rate
+	l.s $f12, interestRate	#load floating point to register to be printed
+	li $v0, 2		#syscall 2 -> print float from register
+	syscall			#do it
+	
+	li $t3, 1		#syscall 1 -> print int
+	
+	while:			#start of  1st while loop (x>=5) 
+	bgt $t3, $t1, exit	#exit if t3 > t1 -> for (int i = 1; i <= yearsOfSaving; i++)
+	la $a0,hdr		#load memory address of hdr0
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+		
+	move $a0, $t3		#move from t3 to a0
+	li $v0, 1		#syscall 1 -> print int
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	la $a0, hdr1		#load memory address of hdr1
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	l.s $f3, principal	#load floating point to register f3
+	l.s $f4, interestRate	#load floating point to register f4
+	mul.s $f2,$f3,$f4	#calculate interest, save into f2
+	add.s $f5,$f3,$f2	#add interest to principa;. save into f5 ->  -> balance *= (1 + interest);		
+	s.s $f5, principal	#update principal with value in f5
+	s.s $f5, balance	#update balance with value in f5 -> float balance = principal;
+	l.s $f12, balance	#load floating point to register to be printed
+	li $v0, 2		#syscall 2 -> print float from register
+	syscall 		#do it
+	
+	addi $t3, $t3, 1	#add 1 to value in register t3, update register value -> year++;
+	j while			#repeat while
+
+	exit:	
+	la $a0, hdr2		#load memory address of hdr2	
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string -> 
+	syscall			#do it
+	
+	lw $a0, years		#load years variable into register a0
+	li $v0, 1		#syscall 1 -> print int
+	syscall			#do it
+		
+	la $a0, hdr3		#load memory address of hdr3
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 1 -> print int
+	syscall			#do it
+	
+	l.s $f12, balance	#load floating point to be printed
+	li $v0, 2		#syscall 2 -> print floating point
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	la $a0, finalLine	#load memory address of finalLine
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	li $v0, 10		#syscall 10 -> exit -> System.exit(0);
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	lessThan:		#less than branch
+	l.s $f1, rate1		#load storage 
+	s.s $f1, interestRate	#save variable to interest rate
+	
+	#print interest rate
+	l.s $f12, interestRate	#load floating point to register to be printed
+	li $v0, 2		#syscall 2 -> print float from register
+	syscall			#do it
+	
+	li $t3, 1 		#syscall 1 -> print int
+	
+	while2:			#start of 2nd loop (x < 5)
+	bgt $t3, $t1, exit	# if t3 > t4 exit -> -> for (int i = 1; i <= yearsOfSaving; i++)
+	la $a0, hdr		#load memory address of hdr
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+	
+	move $a0, $t3		#move from t3 to a0
+	li $v0, 1		#syscall 1 -> print int
+	syscall			#do it
+
+	la $a0, hdr1		#load memory address of hdr1
+	li $v0, 4		#syscall 4 -> print char from string
+	syscall			#do it
+	
+	l.s $f3, principal	#load principal to f3
+	l.s $f4, interestRate	#load interestRate to f4
+	mul.s $f2, $f3,$f4	#calculate interest and save to f2	
+	add.s $f5, $f3,$f2	#add interest back to principal and store in f5 -> balance *= (1 + interest);
+	s.s $f5, principal	#update principal value
+	s.s $f5, balance	#update balance
+	l.s $f12, balance	#load value of balance to be printed
+	li $v0, 2		#syscall 2 -> print floating point
+	syscall 		#do it
+	
+	addi $t3, $t3, 1	#add 1 to t3, update value in same register
+	j while2	

CS220/hw4/example_9_2_1.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Example program to display a string and an integer.
+# Demonstrates use of QtSpim system service calls.
+# -----------------------------------------------------
+# Data Declarations
+.data
+start:  .asciiz "------ START Program Example 9.2.1 ------\n"
+end:    .asciiz "\n------ END Program Example 9.2.1 ------\n"
+id:     .ascii "Student: Austin Bennett   (CS 220, id: 324855)\n"
+hdr:    .ascii "Example\n"
+        .asciiz "The meaning of life is: "
+number: .word 42
+# -----------------------------------------------------
+# text/code section
+.text
+.globl  main
+.ent    main
+main:
+    la $a0,     start
+    li $v0,     4
+    syscall
+
+    la  $a0,    id
+    li  $v0,    4       # call code, print string
+    syscall             # system call
+    
+    la $a0,     hdr
+    li $v0,     4
+
+    li  $v0,    1       # call code, print int
+    lw  $a0,    number  # value for int to print
+    syscall             # system call
+                        # ----
+    la $a0,     end
+    li $v0,     4
+    syscall   
+                        # Done, terminate program.
+    li $v0, 10          # terminate
+    syscall             # system call
+.end main

CS220/hw4/example_9_2_3.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Example program to display an array.
+# Demonstrates use of QtSpim system service calls.
+# -----------------------------------------------------
+# Data Declarations
+.data
+    id:     .asciiz "Student: Austin Bennett   (CS 220, id: 324855)\n"
+    hdr:    .ascii "Squaring Example\n"
+            .asciiz "Enter Value: "
+    ansMsg: .asciiz "Value Squared: "
+    value:  .word 0
+    start:  .asciiz "------ START Program Example 9.2.3 ------\n"
+    end:    .asciiz "\n------ END Program Example 9.2.3 ------\n"
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------
+# text/code section
+.text
+.globl main
+.ent main
+main:
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, start
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, id
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4           # call code for print string
+    la $a0, hdr         # addr of NULL terminated str
+    syscall             # system call
+    
+    li $v0, 5           # call code for read integer
+    syscall             # system call (result in $v0)
+    
+    mul $t0, $v0, $v0   # square answer
+    sw $t0, value       # save to variable
+    li $v0, 4           # call code for print string
+    la $a0, ansMsg      # addr of NULL terminated str
+    syscall             # system call
+    
+    li $v0, 1           # call code for print integer
+    lw $a0, value       # value for integer to print
+    syscall             # system call
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, end
+    syscall     
+                        # -----
+                        # Done, terminate program.
+    li $v0, 10          # terminate
+    syscall             # system call
+.end main

CS220/hw4/question_2.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Write A MIPS Assembly Program to ADD the Numbers: 4, 6, 8
+
+.data
+    start:  .asciiz "------ START Program Question 2 ------\n"
+    end:    .asciiz "\n------  END Program Question 2  ------\n"
+    id:     .asciiz "Student: Austin Bennett   (CS 220, id: 324855)\n"
+    tag:    .ascii "4 + 6 + 8 = "
+
+.text
+.globl main
+.ent main
+main:
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, start
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, id
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, tag
+    syscall
+
+    li $t0,4
+    add $t1,$t1,$t0
+    li $t0,6
+    add $t1,$t1,$t0
+    li $t0,8
+    add $t1,$t1,$t0
+    
+    li $v0, 1
+    add $a0,$0,$t1
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, end
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 10
+    syscall
+.end main

CS220/hw4/question_3.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Write a program in MIPS that takes two values from the user and perform
+# subtraction between them and then print the subtraction result. 
+
+.data
+    start:  .asciiz "------ START Program Question 3 ------\n"
+    end:    .asciiz "\n------  END Program Question 3  ------\n"
+    id:     .asciiz "Student: Austin Bennett   (CS 220, id: 324855)\n"
+    val1:   .asciiz "First Value: "
+    val2:   .asciiz "Second Value: "
+    tag:    .asciiz "Result: "
+    value:  .word 0
+
+.text
+.globl main
+.ent main
+main:
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, start
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, id
+    syscall
+
+    # Print 1
+    li $v0,4 
+    la $a0,val1
+    syscall
+
+    # Read 1
+    li $v0, 5
+    syscall
+    move $t0,$v0
+
+    # Print 2
+    li $v0,4
+    la $a0,val2
+    syscall
+
+    # Read 2
+    li $v0,5
+    syscall
+    move $t1,$v0
+    
+    sub $t0,$t0,$t1
+    sw $t0, value
+
+    li $v0,4
+    la $a0,tag 
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0,1
+    lw $a0, value
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, end
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0,10
+    syscall
+.end main

CS220/hw4/question_4.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.data
+    start:  .asciiz "------ START Program Question 3 ------\n"
+    end:    .asciiz "\n------  END Program Question 3  ------\n"
+    id:     .asciiz "Student: Austin Bennett   (CS 220, id: 324855)\n"
+    val:    .word   65
+
+.text
+.globl main
+.ent main
+main:
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, start
+    syscall
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, id
+    syscall
+
+    lw $t0, val
+    
+
+    move $t1, $t0
+    
+
+    li $v0, 4
+    la $a0, end
+    syscall 
+
+    li $v0, 10
+    syscall
+.end main

CS220/hw4/test.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+.data
+  x: .word 30
+  y: .word 24
+
+  sum: .word 0
+  subt: .word 0
+
+  promptAdd: .asciiz "The sum of X and Y is : "
+  promptSub: .asciiz "\nThe difference of X and Y is : "
+
+.text
+.globl main
+.ent main
+
+main:
+
+lw $a0, x
+lw $a1, y
+
+jal Addition
+sw $v0, sum
+
+jal Subtraction
+sw $v0, subt
+
+la $a0, promptAdd
+li $v0, 4
+syscall
+
+lw $a0, sum
+li $v0, 1
+syscall
+
+la $a0, promptSub
+li $v0, 4
+syscall
+
+lw $a0, subt
+li $v0, 1
+syscall
+
+li $v0, 10
+syscall
+
+.end main
+
+.globl Addition
+.ent Addition
+
+Addition:
+
+li $v0, 0
+
+add $v0, $a0, $a1
+
+jr $ra
+
+.end Addition
+
+.globl Subtraction
+.ent Subtraction
+
+Subtraction:
+
+li $v0, 0
+
+sub $v0, $a0, $a1
+
+jr $ra
+
+.end Subtraction

CS321/Homework 1/Homework 1.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
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+		};
+		262DA11C2AB8AFB50099710A /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
+		262DA11D2AB8AFB50099710A /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
+
+/* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
+		262DA10F2AB8AFB50099710A /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "Homework 1" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				262DA1192AB8AFB50099710A /* Debug */,
+				262DA11A2AB8AFB50099710A /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+		262DA11B2AB8AFB50099710A /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "Homework 1" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				262DA11C2AB8AFB50099710A /* Debug */,
+				262DA11D2AB8AFB50099710A /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Release;
+		};
+/* End XCConfigurationList section */
+	};
+	rootObject = 262DA10C2AB8AFB50099710A /* Project object */;
+}

CS321/Homework 1/Homework 1.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Workspace
+   version = "1.0">
+   <FileRef
+      location = "self:">
+   </FileRef>
+</Workspace>

CS321/Homework 1/Homework 1.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>IDEDidComputeMac32BitWarning</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>

CS321/Homework 1/Homework 1.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/adbennett.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/xcschememanagement.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>SchemeUserState</key>
+	<dict>
+		<key>Homework 1.xcscheme_^#shared#^_</key>
+		<dict>
+			<key>orderHint</key>
+			<integer>0</integer>
+		</dict>
+	</dict>
+</dict>
+</plist>

CS321/Homework 1/Homework 1/filecopy.c

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 4096
+
+int main() {
+    char sourceFileName[256];
+    char destinationFileName[256];
+    int sourceFile, destinationFile;
+    ssize_t bytes_read, bytes_written;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    
+    printf("Enter the source file name: ");
+    scanf("%255s", sourceFileName);
+    printf("Enter the destination file name: ");
+    scanf("%255s", destinationFileName);
+    
+    sourceFile = open(sourceFileName, O_RDONLY);
+    
+    destinationFile = open(destinationFileName, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
+    
+
+    // Copy data from source to destination
+    while ((bytes_read = read(sourceFile, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE)) > 0) {
+        bytes_written = write(destinationFile, buffer, bytes_read);
+    }
+
+    // Close files
+    close(sourceFile);
+    close(destinationFile);
+
+    printf("File copied successfully!\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+

CS321/Homework 1/Homework 1/jiffies.c

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/**
+ * hello.c
+ *
+ * Kernel module that communicates with /proc file system.
+ *
+ * The makefile must be modified to compile this program.
+ * Change the line "simple.o" to "hello.o"
+ *
+ * Operating System Concepts - 10th Edition
+ * Copyright John Wiley & Sons - 2018
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 128
+
+#define PROC_NAME "jiffies"
+#define MESSAGE "Hello World\n"
+
+/**
+ * Function prototypes
+ */
+ssize_t proc_read(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos);
+
+static struct file_operations proc_ops = {
+        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
+        .read = proc_read,
+};
+
+static long start_jiffies;
+
+/* This function is called when the module is loaded. */
+int proc_init(void)
+{
+        start_jiffies = jiffies;
+        // creates the /proc/hello entry
+        // the following function call is a wrapper for
+        // proc_create_data() passing NULL as the last argument
+        proc_create(PROC_NAME, 0, NULL, &proc_ops);
+
+        printk(KERN_INFO "/proc/%s created\n", PROC_NAME);
+        printk(KERN_INFO "Jiffies: %lu\n", jiffies);
+        printk(KERN_INFO "HZ: %lu\n", HZ);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* This function is called when the module is removed. */
+void proc_exit(void) {
+
+        // removes the /proc/hello entry
+        remove_proc_entry(PROC_NAME, NULL);
+
+        printk( KERN_INFO "/proc/%s removed\n", PROC_NAME);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function is called each time the /proc/hello is read.
+ *
+ * This function is called repeatedly until it returns 0, so
+ * there must be logic that ensures it ultimately returns 0
+ * once it has collected the data that is to go into the
+ * corresponding /proc file.
+ *
+ * params:
+ *
+ * file:
+ * buf: buffer in user space
+ * count:
+ * pos:
+ */
+ssize_t proc_read(struct file *file, char __user *usr_buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos)
+{
+        int rv = 0;
+        char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+        static int completed = 0;
+
+
+        if (completed) {
+                completed = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        completed = 1;
+
+        rv = sprintf(buffer, "Jiffies: %lu\n\n", jiffies);
+
+        // copies the contents of buffer to userspace usr_buf
+        copy_to_user(usr_buf, buffer, rv);
+
+        return rv;
+}
+
+
+/* Macros for registering module entry and exit points. */
+module_init( proc_init );
+module_exit( proc_exit );
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Hello Module");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("SGG");

CS321/Homework 1/Homework 1/seconds.c

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/**
+ * seconds.c
+ *
+ * Kernel module that communicates with /proc file system.
+ *
+ * The makefile must be modified to compile this program.
+ * Change the line "simple.o" to "hello.o"
+ *
+ * Operating System Concepts - 10th Edition
+ * Copyright John Wiley & Sons - 2018
+ */
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 128
+
+#define PROC_NAME "seconds"
+#define MESSAGE "Hello World\n"
+
+/**
+ * Function prototypes
+ */
+ssize_t proc_read(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos);
+
+static struct file_operations proc_ops = {
+        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
+        .read = proc_read,
+};
+
+static long start_jiffies;
+
+/* This function is called when the module is loaded. */
+int proc_init(void)
+{
+        start_jiffies = jiffies;
+        // creates the /proc/hello entry
+        // the following function call is a wrapper for
+        // proc_create_data() passing NULL as the last argument
+        proc_create(PROC_NAME, 0, NULL, &proc_ops);
+
+        printk(KERN_INFO "/proc/%s created\n", PROC_NAME);
+        printk(KERN_INFO "Jiffies: %lu\n", jiffies);
+        printk(KERN_INFO "HZ: %lu\n", HZ);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* This function is called when the module is removed. */
+void proc_exit(void) {
+
+        // removes the /proc/hello entry
+        remove_proc_entry(PROC_NAME, NULL);
+
+        printk( KERN_INFO "/proc/%s removed\n", PROC_NAME);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function is called each time the /proc/hello is read.
+ *
+ * This function is called repeatedly until it returns 0, so
+ * there must be logic that ensures it ultimately returns 0
+ * once it has collected the data that is to go into the
+ * corresponding /proc file.
+ *
+ * params:
+ *
+ * file:
+ * buf: buffer in user space
+ * count:
+ * pos:
+ */
+ssize_t proc_read(struct file *file, char __user *usr_buf, size_t count, loff_t *pos)
+{
+        int rv = 0;
+        char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+        static int completed = 0;
+
+        long seconds = (jiffies - start_jiffies) / HZ;
+
+        if (completed) {
+                completed = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        completed = 1;
+
+        rv = sprintf(buffer, "Seconds Elapsed: %lu\n\n", seconds);
+
+        // copies the contents of buffer to userspace usr_buf
+        copy_to_user(usr_buf, buffer, rv);
+
+        return rv;
+}
+
+
+/* Macros for registering module entry and exit points. */
+module_init( proc_init );
+module_exit( proc_exit );
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Hello Module");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("SGG");

CS321/Homework 2/time.c

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * Records the amount of time to run a command.
+ * Uses shared memory.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/shm.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    const char *name = "v1";
+    const int SIZE = 24;
+
+    struct timeval start;
+    struct timeval end;
+    pid_t pid;
+    int shm_fd;
+    char *ptr;
+
+    if (argc == 1)
+        return 0;
+
+    shm_fd = shm_open(name, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0666);
+
+    if (shm_fd == -1) {
+        printf("shared memory creation failed\n");
+        return  -1;
+    }
+
+    ftruncate(shm_fd, SIZE);
+
+    ptr = (char *)mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, shm_fd, 0);
+
+    if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
+        printf("memory map failed\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    pid = fork();
+
+    if (pid == 0)
+    {
+        // child
+        if (gettimeofday(&start, NULL) != 0)
+            return 0;
+
+        // Write the starting time to shared memory
+        sprintf(ptr, "%ld %ld", start.tv_sec, start.tv_usec);
+        // Execute the command
+        if (execvp(argv[1], &argv[1]) == -1) {
+            perror("execvp");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    else {
+        // Parent
+        wait(NULL);
+
+        if (gettimeofday(&end, NULL) != 0)
+            return -1;
+
+        printf("\nParent ending time = %ld sec, %ld microsec\n",end.tv_sec, end.tv_usec);
+
+        // Read the starting time from shared memory
+        long start_sec, start_usec;
+        sscanf(ptr, "%ld %ld", &start_sec, &start_usec);
+        
+        // Determine elapsed time
+        long elapsed_sec = end.tv_sec - start_sec;
+        long elapsed_usec = end.tv_usec - start_usec;
+        if (elapsed_usec < 0) {
+            elapsed_sec--;
+            elapsed_usec += 1000000;
+        }
+
+        printf("Elapsed time = %ld sec, %ld microsec\n", elapsed_sec, elapsed_usec);
+
+        shm_unlink(name);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

CS321/Homework 2/zombieCode.c

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * ZombieCode.c
+ * This small program generates a zombie process.
+ *
+ * A zombie process is created when a process terminates,
+ * but the parent does not invoke wait(), but the parent
+ * continues to run. By not invoking wait(), the child
+ * process maintains an entry in the process entry table
+ * as well as maintaining its pid.
+ *
+ * Pretty simple to do:
+ *
+ * (1) Create a child process
+ * (2) Have the parent run for a specified amount of time.
+ *
+ * If this program is run in the background, the state of the child
+ * process illustrates it is a zombie process.
+ * (Z underneath the S field using ps)
+ */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+        pid_t pid;
+
+        pid = fork();
+
+        if (pid < 0) {
+                fprintf(stderr,"Unable to create child process\n");
+
+                return -1;
+        }
+        else if (pid == 0) {
+                /**
+                 * Just have the child exit
+                 * and turn into a zombie.
+                 */
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+        else {
+
+                // [FILL UP] Have the parent sleep for 15 seconds
+                sleep(15);
+
+                printf("Parent exiting\n");
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+}

CS321/Homework 3/multistat.c

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* the list of integers */
+int *list;
+int num_of_args;
+
+/* the threads will set these values */
+double average;
+int maximum;
+int minimum;
+
+void *calculate_average(void *param);
+void *calculate_maximum(void *param);
+void *calculate_minimum(void *param);
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    int i;
+    num_of_args = argc-1;
+    pthread_t tid_1;
+    pthread_t tid_2;
+    pthread_t tid_3;
+
+    /* allocate memory to hold array of integers */
+    list = malloc(sizeof(int)*num_of_args);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_of_args; i++)
+		list[i] = atoi(argv[i+1]);	
+
+	/* create the threads */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    pthread_create(&tid_1, NULL, calculate_average, NULL);
+    pthread_create(&tid_2, NULL, calculate_maximum, NULL);
+    pthread_create(&tid_3, NULL, calculate_minimum, NULL);
+
+	/* wait for the threads to exit */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    pthread_join(tid_1, NULL);
+    pthread_join(tid_2, NULL);
+    pthread_join(tid_3, NULL);
+
+	printf("The average is %f\n", average);
+	printf("The maximum is %d\n", maximum);
+	printf("The minimum is %d\n", minimum);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void *calculate_average(void *param)
+{
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    double sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_of_args; i++)
+    {
+        sum += list[i];
+    }
+
+    average = sum / num_of_args;
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}
+
+void *calculate_maximum(void *param)
+{
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    maximum = list[0];
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < num_of_args; i++)
+    {
+        if (list[i] > maximum)
+        {
+            maximum = list[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}
+
+void *calculate_minimum(void *param)
+{
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    minimum = list[0];
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < num_of_args; i++)
+    {
+        if (list[i] < minimum)
+        {
+            minimum = list[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}

CS321/Homework 3/multistat_skeleton.c

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* the list of integers */
+int *list;
+
+/* the threads will set these values */
+double average;
+int maximum;
+int minimum;
+
+void *calculate_average(void *param);
+void *calculate_maximum(void *param);
+void *calculate_minimum(void *param);
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int i;
+	int num_of_args = argc-1;
+	pthread_t tid_1;
+    pthread_t tid_2;
+    pthread_t tid_3;
+
+    /* allocate memory to hold array of integers */
+    list = malloc(sizeof(int)*num_of_args);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_of_args; i++)
+		list[i] = atoi(argv[i+1]);	
+
+	/* create the threads */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    pthread_create(&tid_1, NULL, calculate_average, NULL);
+    pthread_create(&tid_2, NULL, calculate_maximum, NULL);
+    pthread_create(&tid_3, NULL, calculate_minimum, NULL);
+
+	/* wait for the threads to exit */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    pthread_join(tid_1, NULL);
+    pthread_join(tid_2, NULL);
+    pthread_join(tid_3, NULL);
+
+	printf("The average is %f\n", average);
+	printf("The maximum is %d\n", maximum);
+	printf("The minimum is %d\n", minimum);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void *calculate_average(void *param)
+{
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    double sum = 0.0;
+    int num_of_args = argc - 1;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_of_args; i++)
+    {
+        sum += list[i];
+    }
+
+    average = sum / num_of_args;
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}
+
+void *calculate_maximum(void *param)
+{
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    int num_of_args = argc - 1;
+    maximum = list[0];
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < num_of_args; i++)
+    {
+        if (list[i] > maximum)
+        {
+            maximum = list[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}
+
+void *calculate_minimum(void *param)
+{
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+    int num_of_args = argc - 1;
+    minimum = list[0];
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < num_of_args; i++)
+    {
+        if (list[i] < minimum)
+        {
+            minimum = list[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}

CS321/Homework 3/sorter.c

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define SIZE                10
+#define NUMBER_OF_THREADS    3
+
+void *sorter(void *params);    /* thread that performs basic sorting algorithm */
+void *merger(void *params);    /* thread that performs merging of results */
+
+int list[SIZE] = {7,12,19,3,18,4,2,6,15,8};
+
+int result[SIZE];
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    int from_index;
+    int to_index;
+} parameters;
+
+int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
+{
+    int i;
+    
+    pthread_t workers[NUMBER_OF_THREADS];
+    
+    /* establish the first sorting thread */
+    parameters *data = (parameters *) malloc (sizeof(parameters));
+    data->from_index = 0;
+    data->to_index = (SIZE/2) - 1;
+    pthread_create(&workers[0], 0, sorter, data);
+    
+    /* establish the second sorting thread */
+    data = (parameters *) malloc (sizeof(parameters));
+    data->from_index = SIZE/2;
+    data->to_index = SIZE - 1;
+    pthread_create(&workers[1], 0, sorter, data);
+    
+    /* now wait for the 2 sorting threads to finish */
+    for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_THREADS - 1; i++)
+        pthread_join(workers[i], NULL);
+
+    /* establish the merge thread */
+    data = (parameters *) malloc(sizeof(parameters));
+    data->from_index = 0;
+    data->to_index = SIZE/2;
+    pthread_create(&workers[2], 0, merger, data);
+    
+    /* wait for the merge thread to finish */
+    pthread_join(workers[2], NULL);
+
+    /* output the sorted array */
+    for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
+        printf("%d  ",result[i]);
+    printf("\n");
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sorting thread.
+ *
+ * This thread can essentially use any algorithm for sorting
+ */
+
+void *sorter(void *params)
+{
+    int i,j,temp;
+    parameters* p = (parameters *)params;
+    
+    int begin = p->from_index;
+    int end = p->to_index;
+
+    // simple bubble sort
+    for(i=begin;i<=end;i++){
+        for(j=i+1;j<=end;j++){
+            if(list[i]>list[j]){
+                temp=list[i];
+                list[i]=list[j];
+                list[j]=temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merge thread
+ *
+ * Uses simple merge sort for merging two sublists
+ */
+
+void *merger(void *params)
+{
+    parameters* p = (parameters *)params;
+    
+    int i,j;
+    
+    i = p->from_index;
+    j = p->to_index;
+    
+    int position = 0;    /* position being inserted into result list */
+    
+    while (i < p->to_index && j < SIZE) {
+        if (list[i] <= list[j]) {
+            result[position++] = list[i];
+            i++;
+        }
+        else {
+            result[position++] = list[j];
+            j++;
+        }
+    }
+        
+    /* copy the remainder */
+    if (i < p->to_index) {
+        while (i < p->to_index) {
+            result[position] = list[i];
+            position++;
+            i++;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        while (j < SIZE) {
+            result[position] = list[j];
+            position++;
+            j++;
+        }
+    }
+
+        
+    
+    pthread_exit(0);
+}

CS321/Homework 3/sorting_skeleton.c

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//CS 321:  Skeleton code for multithreaded sorting program 
+//Feel free to modify the code as you wish. 
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define SIZE				10
+#define NUMBER_OF_THREADS	3
+
+void *sorter(void *params);	/* thread that performs basic sorting algorithm */
+void *merger(void *params);	/* thread that performs merging of results */
+
+int list[SIZE] = {7,12,19,3,18,4,2,6,15,8};
+
+int result[SIZE];
+
+typedef struct
+{
+	int from_index;
+	int to_index;
+} parameters;
+
+int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) 
+{
+	int i;
+    
+	pthread_t workers[NUMBER_OF_THREADS];
+	
+	/* establish the first sorting thread */
+	parameters *data = (parameters *) malloc (sizeof(parameters));
+	data->from_index = 0;
+	data->to_index = (SIZE/2) - 1;
+	pthread_create(&workers[0], 0, sorter, data);
+	
+	/* establish the second sorting thread */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+
+	
+	/* now wait for the 2 sorting threads to finish */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+	
+
+	/* establish the merge thread */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+	
+
+	/* wait for the merge thread to finish */
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+
+	/* output the sorted array */
+	for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
+		printf("%d  ",result[i]);
+	printf("\n");
+	
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sorting thread.
+ *
+ * This thread can essentially use any algorithm for sorting
+ */
+
+void *sorter(void *params)
+{
+	int i;
+	parameters* p = (parameters *)params;
+	
+	int begin = p->from_index;
+	int end = p->to_index;
+	
+    //-------------[TO BE COMPLETED]-------------
+
+	pthread_exit(0);
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Merge thread
+ *
+ * Uses simple merge sort for merging two sublists
+ */
+
+void *merger(void *params)
+{
+	parameters* p = (parameters *)params;
+	
+	int i,j;
+	
+	i = p->from_index;
+	j = p->to_index;
+	
+	int position = 0;	/* position being inserted into result list */
+	
+	while (i < p->to_index && j < SIZE) {
+		if (list[i] <= list[j]) {
+			result[position++] = list[i];
+			i++;
+		}
+		else {
+			result[position++] = list[j];
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+		
+	/* copy the remainder */
+	if (i < p->to_index) {
+		while (i < p->to_index) {
+			result[position] = list[i];
+			position++;
+			i++;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		while (j < SIZE) {
+			result[position] = list[j];
+			position++;
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+
+		
+	
+	pthread_exit(0);
+}
+